Particularly in this context, the information on its reproductive ecology is important so as to understand its reproductive traits. Plants profile for parthenium hysterophorus santa maria. Parthenium hysterophorus manual of the alien plants of. Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive weed plant of.
All s plants died when the herbicides were applied at field dose, except with paraquat. These seeds are dispersed by wind, water, animals, vehicles, machinery particularly on harvesters and bulldozers and in clothing. In some areas it has become an extremely serious agricultural and rangeland weed. Utility potential of parthenium hysterophorus for its. Two parthenium hysterophorus populations resistant r and susceptible s harvested in banana crop from the dominican republic were studied. Comparative phytochemistry of parthenium hysterophorus l. Effects of plant invasions on the species richness of abandoned agricultural land. Common names include santamaria, santa maria feverfew, whitetop weed, and famine weed. Agronomy free fulltext evolving multiple resistance. How widespread is parthenium hysterophorus and its biological control agent zygogramma bicolorata in south asia. Plant has been used as folk remedy for the treatment of infectious and degenerative diseases 1719. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above.
Pdf control of parthenium parthenium hysterophorus in. The chapter summarises current knowledge about the taxonomy, biology, distribution, ecology, impacts and biological control of the weed worldwide. The full text of this article hosted at is unavailable due to technical difficulties. Department of biotechnology and genetic engineering, islamic university, kushtia7003, bangladesh email. It is thus that parthenium weed has come to the fore in the last 20 years, based mainly on its rapid spread in both australia and india. The book builds on a fundamental understanding of invasive plant biology and weed science that can be acquired from the many good. It is considered as one of the 100 most invasive species in the world by the iucn generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Naqamte plant health clinic center, department of entomology. The act requires everyone to take all reasonable and practical steps to minimise the risks associated with invasive plants and animals under their control. Parthenium hysterophorus parthenium hysterophorus subject category. Aster aceae, commonly known as parthenium, is a weed of global signi.
Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive plant, which was originated in americas and currently. Parthenium hysterophorus the asiapacific forest invasive species network apfisn has been established as a response to the immense costs and dangers posed by invasive species to the sustainable management of forests in the asiapacific region. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts. Parthenium weed is a major problem in rangelands and summer cropping areas of queensland. Abstract this thesis deals with the results of a survey and experiments on the ecology, biology, and management of a recentlyintroduced weed, p. Parthenium hysterophorus an overview sciencedirect topics. Parthenium is a competitive weed spreading in tropical countries field experiments were conducted to compare the e. Uromycesrumicis gastrophysaviridula plantpathogen beetle usa usa tribulusterrestris. Original research paper the americas journal of plant science and biotechnology 2008 global science books effect of parthenium hysterophorus l. It infests several major crops and causes substantial yield losses. Competitiveness of selected pasture plant species with. Parthenium hysterophorus in the plant list version 1. Parthenium hysterophorus is a serious invasive weed of pasture systems, reducing pasture productivity 90% evans 1997. The concept of biological control for the management of parthenium is still a.
Biology, ecology and management of the invasive parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l. Labor and energyintensive manual methods, mechanical, cultural, and chemical weed. There are less data available on the abundance of parthe nium hysterophorus in meerut district due to less research, but there are plenty of parthenium found grown in the bare areas, railway platforms and in agriculture lands. Upadhyay, mustaqeem ahmad, anshu singh department of environmental science, v. Parthenium hysterophorus can be used as a flearepellent for dogs. Parthenium hysterophorus invasion causes changes in aboveground vegetation and belowground soil nutrient contents, disturbing the entire grassland ecosystem in nepal as reported by timsina et al. Mature stems are greenish and longitudinally grooved, covered in small stiff hairs and become much branched at maturity. Evans international institute of biological control, silwood park, ascot, berks. Harmful and beneficial aspects of parthenium hysterophorus. Buried seeds have been found to last much longer than seed on the soil surface, and a significant proportion can still germinate after eight to ten years.
Distribution and spread of parthenium weed parthenium. Distribution and spread of parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l. Parthenium weed causes losses of crops and pastures, degrading the biodiversity of natural plant communities, causing human and animal health hazards and resulting in serious economic losses to people and their interests in many countries around the globe. Biology and management of parthenium weed parthenium. Native to mexico, central and south america, parthenium hysterophorus was accidentally introduced into several countries including australia, india, taiwan and ethiopia. Toxicology, phytochemistry, bioactive compounds and pharmacology of parthenium hysterophorus dipankar chandra roy1, md. This weed is a valuable source of potash, oxalic acids and highquality protein hqp which can be used in animal feed. Abstract parthenium density and species richness were found to be more in noninvaded ni sites as compared to invaded i. Temperature and altitude modulate feeding attributes of. Yet back in the 1950s, when it first came to the attention of land managers in australia, it was. Asteraceae in south africa initiation of biological. Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb that aggressively colonizes disturbed sites. It is a common invasive species in india, australia, and parts of africa.
In india, it is locally known as carrot grass, congress grass or gajar ghans. Temporal and spatial patterns of research on a globally. Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb that aggressively colonises disturbed sites. The treatments consisted of 10, 20 and 30 plants of either test species grown together with 30, 20 or 10 parthenium other than pure culture of each species with four replications. Distribution, biology and ecology of parthenium hysterophorus l. It is believed to have been introduced into india and australia from north america and in the last few years the weed has emerged as the seventh most. Biology, ecology and management of the invasive parthenium. The parthenium weed management book provides information on management. Multiple resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides and. Asteraceae, a weed, also known as congress grass is an annual herb. Various weed control strategies are being used globally to reduce its population to manageable levels. Asteraceae is an invasive weed thought to be native.
Parthenium weed is a weed of national significance. Purification and identification of 20kda protein from. Reproductive ecology of the globally invasive whitetop. Roots, stems, petioles, and leaf blades of mature plants of parthenium hysterophorus and callus cultures derived from explants of these organs from aseptically grown seedlings were screened for the presence of sesquiterpene lactones. Chrysomelidae is an effective biocontrol agent of parthenium hysterophorus l. Parthenium weed causes losses of crops and pastures, degrading the biodiversity of natural plant communities, causing human and animal health hazards and resulting in serious economic losses to people and their interests in.
Medicinal uses of carrot grass parthenium hysterophorus. Sl5 7ta, uk abstract the neotropical composite, parthenium hysterophorus, has achieved major weed status in india and australia within the past few decades. The present study aimed to assess the effects of temperature and altitude on feeding attributes consumption rate, conversion efficiency and growth rate of adults from the wild populations of z. Infestation in western oromiya, ethiopia tarekegn fite 1, hirpa legesse2 and alembrihan marga 1department of entomology, ethiopia 2department of plant science, ethiopia submission.
Read parthenium weed biology ecology and management. Parthenium weed biology ecology and management cabi invasives series epub format library publishing jan 16, 2020. The study was conducted to come across with competitive test pasture species grown in combination with parthenium at varying levels of density under field in factorial experiment using randomized complete block design. A major biological control program against parthenium in qld started in 1977 with scientists based in mexico and brazil, and continued until 2002. Noxious weed, health hazard, folkremedy, flea repellent. Dominican farmers have started to apply synthetic auxin herbicides sahs as the main alternative to mitigate the impacts of the occurrence of glyphosateresistant gr parthenium hysterophorus populations in citrus orchards. Parthenium hysterophorus, one of the worlds most dangerous weeds, is responsible for huge losses to the biodiversity, agriculture, economy, and health of livestock and human beings. This dangerous plant is known for its negative impact on biodiversity, agriculture and human being. Phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity of parthenium. Parthenium is a genus of north american shrubs in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family the name parthenium is derived from either the greek word parthenos, meaning virgin, or parthenion, an ancient name for a plant parthenium or gajar ghans is the most common invasive species in india. High competitive success rate and adaptability of the species enable it to dominate diverse types of habitats. Parthenium plant is capable of causing allergic respiratory problems, contact dermatitis, diarrhea, skin allergy, skin rashes excessive water loss, mutagenicity, both in human and livestock. How widespread is parthenium hysterophorus its biological.
They are sometimes also spread in mud and contaminated agricultural produce e. Parthenium hysterophorus is a muchbranched, shortlived, upright, aggressive ubiquitous annual herbaceous plant. Organism names see more details, plants plants subject category. Retief2 1agricultural research councilplant protection research institute, private bag x6006, hilton, 3245 south africa 2agricultural research councilplant protection research institute, private bag x5017, stellenbosch. Root extracts on seed germination and growth of maize and barley. Effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus. Manual uprooting of parthenium has proven to be effective in reducing the. Parthenium weed is a restricted invasive plant under the biosecurity act 2014 it must not be given away, sold, or released into the environment without a permit. Leafeatingbettle, stemgallinginsect, stemgallinginsect mexico australia australia rumexspp. Parthenium hysterophorus plant causes milk disease in.
The allelochemicals obtained from this plant can be exploited as herbicides, insecticides, nematicides, fungicides and. This book has been a collective effort by 26 members of the international parthenium weed network, which is an international network of expert volunteers devoted to creating awareness about the parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus threat, and to sharing information on how to reduce its adverse impacts upon agroecosystems, the environment and human health. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus reproduces by large numbers of seed. Ecological impacts of weed parthenium hysterophorus l. Parthenium hysterophorus is the seventh noxious alien species distributed in different part of the world. Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive plant, which was originated in americas and currently invades croplands and noncropped areas with different climatic, edaphic, and geographic conditions in more than 40 countries on five continents adkins and shabbir, 2014. Toxicology, phytochemistry, bioactive compounds and. Apfisn is a cooperative alliance of the 33 member countries in the asiapacific forestry. Parthenium hysterophorus santa maria feverfew this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Parthenin was not detected in roots but was present in callus cultures from all sources coronopilin was detected only in petioles and leaf blades and callus.
Initiation of biological control against parthenium hysterophorus l. Parthenium hysterophorus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, asteraceae. A curse for the biodiversity of chhattisgarh plains. The book draws on examples from 48 countries invaded by this weed and covers.
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